{"id":8394,"date":"2021-06-22T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T13:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev2.marketsonline.co.za\/spoor_bkp\/?p=8394"},"modified":"2022-10-31T09:28:54","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T07:28:54","slug":"what-content-creators-artists-and-persons-alike-should-know-about-nfts-non-fungible-tokens-an-ip-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/dev2.marketsonline.co.za\/spoor_bkp\/zh\/what-content-creators-artists-and-persons-alike-should-know-about-nfts-non-fungible-tokens-an-ip-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3 NFT \u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9"},"content":{"rendered":"

In an increasingly digital landscape where intellectual output often takes the form of digital output at some point or another, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are exploding into the world of art, media and entertainment as a means to safeguard digital files and, in turn, enhance the protection, enforcement and commercialisation of intellectual property (IP). After a good few months, it doesn\u2019t seem that NFTs are going away any time soon (as many predicted).<\/span><\/p>\n

Spoor & Fisher \u7684\u5408\u4f19\u4eba Kim Pietersen \u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f NFT\uff1f\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Like cryptocurrency, NFTs are unique digital tokens that use blockchain technology to record ownership and validate authenticity \u2013 call them digital certificates of ownership if you like. Therefore, in much the same way that a title deed records the ownership of fixed property, an NFT records ownership of the digital address on the blockchain.\u00a0\u00a0However, an NFT can, but does not necessarily, convey ownership of the intellectual property rights in the underlying digital asset.<\/span><\/p>\n

The person who buys the NFT doesn’t necessarily own the actual asset, although this is certainly possible if the creator of the underlying digital asset transfers the intellectual property along with the NFT.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e95\u5c42\u8d44\u4ea7\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8df3\u4e0a NFT \u5217\u8f66\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e \u6570\u5b57\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Who\u00a0do\u00a0NFTs appeal\u00a0to?\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

NFTs can be tied to any digital asset, such as a meme, video snippet or\u00a0a\u00a0tweet.\u00a0Earlier\u00a0this year, an NFT created by British designer\u00a0Beeple\u00a0which related to a JPG file\u00a0of a\u00a0collage of 5000 digital images,\u00a0\u552e\u4ef7 $6930 \u4e07<\/span><\/a>\u202f(R1 billion) at a\u00a0British\u00a0auction. Two weeks later, Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey sold his first\u00a0tweet as an NFT for $2.9 million (R42 million).\u00a0Finally, close to home\u00a0our very own Bryan Habana was the first South African\u00a0sports star\u00a0earlier this year to sell an\u00a0NFT, which was\u00a0a three-dimensional\u00a0turntable\u00a0of him\u00a0racing a cheetah\u00a0for R150,000.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Now,\u00a0mentions\u00a0Kristin Robinson in\u00a0Consequence Sound<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(2021), \u201cAlthough some of the NFTs being offered today might feel\u00a0frivolous, the logic of buying NFTs is similar to other physical goods<\/i>\u201d.\u00a0The appreciation of an NFT is largely determined by a purchaser and, for now that value\u00a0appears to be\u00a0about rarity\u00a0and\u00a0owning an NFT\u00a0as\u00a0a status symbol.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What do you\u202fown\u202fwhen you buy an NFT?\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cNFT \u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6388\u4e88\u60a8\u5bf9\u6807\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7 IP \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u5229\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cNFT \u786e\u5b9e\u7ed9\u4e86\u4f60\u00a0\u7d22\u8d54\u6743<\/i>\u00a0NFT \u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6392\u9664\u5728\u00a0\u58f0\u79f0<\/i>\u00a0ownership of it. \u202f\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u60a8\u8d2d\u4e70 NFT \u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u60a8\u652f\u4ed8\u4e86\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6570\u5b57\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u5b83\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u552e\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u60a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u76c8\u5229\u800c\u590d\u5236\u4efb\u4f55\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u526f\u672c\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What are the\u00a0IP considerations?\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The South African law affords an author automatic copyright\u00a0protection\u00a0without the need of registration\u00a0if, by way of example, that author independently creates an original work. That original work could, by way of example, be an original tweet (such as in the case of Dorsey\u2019s first tweet which could be eligible for copyright protection insofar as the written piece is concerned) or an original image or video (such as in the case of Habana\u2019s digital image presented as an infinitely looping GIF which could be eligible for copyright protection as an artistic work and\/or a cinematographic film).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As we\u2019ve pointed out, NFTs don\u2019t necessarily grant any IP rights to the underlying creative work.\u00a0 As such, in many cases, the purchaser of an NFT, not being the copyright owner, won\u2019t be in a position to object to third parties reproducing the underlying creative work.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

NFT\u00a0<\/b>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u00a0<\/b>enhance the protection,\u00a0enforcement\u00a0and commercialisation of IP, particularly in the context of copyright insofar as the digital tokens can be used to manage and validate ownership claims; be programmatically set for royalty disbursements and assist with the detection of plagiarism, to name a few benefits.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

IPFS (InterPlanetary\u00a0File\u00a0System)<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5357\u975e NFT \u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u00a0\u660e\u660e<\/a>, has realised the benefits and potential of NFTs and therefore markets its platform to local content creators and celebrities\u00a0as a way to\u00a0monetise their online creations. Users of\u00a0Momint\u00a0are able to create NFTs, called \u201cminting\u201d, on the\u00a0platform which authorises\u00a0Momint\u00a0to fingerprint and store a user\u2019s digital asset on an open source, peer-to-peer distributed storage system\u00a0called IPFS (InterPlanetary\u00a0File\u00a0System<\/strong>).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This brings us to the question of how the underlying creative work is actually represented in an NFT.\u00a0 One way of doing that is to store all of the data relating to the creative work in the NFT on the block chain.\u00a0 This is inefficient and costly given that the larger the NFT, the more costly and time consuming transfers of the NFT will be.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f NFT \u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u4ee3\u8868\u521b\u610f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u94fe\u4e0b\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e91\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\u3002 IPFS \u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u4e91\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u4e91\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u6216\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5219\u5c01\u88c5\u5728 NFT \u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cIPFS \u5206\u5e03\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c \u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/strong> (\u4ea7\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>) \u4e8e 2020 \u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86 WIPO Proof\uff0c\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e26\u6709\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6307\u7eb9\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u521b\u610f\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1b\u5546\u4e1a\u79d8\u5bc6\u548c\u4e13\u6709\u6280\u672f\uff1b\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d44\u4ea7\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u6536\u76ca\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e NFT \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4ece\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u867d\u7136 NFT \u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u548c\u7d22\u8d54\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5f80\u5e38\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684 NFT<\/span><\/h3>\n

By way of example, an NFT that is advertised for sale online could infringe trade mark rights if a registered trade mark is used in respect thereof without the trade mark owner\u2019s consent. Furthermore, if an NFT relates to unauthorised digital reproduction of prior artwork, then the re-sale of that NFT could constitute copyright infringement in much the same manner as the initial unauthorised reproduction would have constituted an infringement.<\/span><\/p>\n

NFT \u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u786e\u8ba4 NFT \u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u521b\u610f\u4f5c\u54c1\u62e5\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u5229\uff1b\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u94f8\u9020 NFT\u3002<\/span>\u00a0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u4fb5\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4fb5\u6743\u4eba\u53d1\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e66\u6216\u4ee5\u7981\u4ee4\u548c\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5411\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u5bfb\u6c42\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u4eca\u5929 NFT \u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u80af\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\u4f3c\u4e4e\u786e\u5b9e\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Purchasers of NFTs should be sure to conduct due diligence on the NFT before purchasing it.\u00a0 Consideration should be given to who the minter was, whether they had any rights to the underlying creative work in the first place, and what rights such as ownership and future royalties attach to the NFT.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This is however an evolving field, with no case law as far as we know.\u00a0 Watch this space!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u76ae\u7279\u68ee<\/a> \u662f\u5f00\u666e\u6566 Spoor & Fisher \u5546\u6807\u6267\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a9\u7406\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ec5\u4f5c\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u6709\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4e8b\u5b9c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb Spoor & Fisher\u3002\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In an increasingly digital landscape where intellectual output often takes the form of digital output at some point or another, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are exploding into the world of art, media and entertainment as a means to safeguard digital files and, in turn, enhance the protection, enforcement and commercialisation of intellectual property (IP). After a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"knowledge_center_type":[18],"class_list":["post-8394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-article","knowledge_center_type-latest-news-and-insights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Content Creators and Artists should know about NFTs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"However, an NFT can, but does not necessarily, convey ownership of the intellectual property rights in the underlying digital asset.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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